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8月10日,佩洛西答记者问时回应中方制裁:
(资料图片)
She laughed off Beijing’s move to slap sanctions on her, telling reporters: “Who cares?......That is incidental to me, of no relevance whatsoever.” (Politico.com)
佩洛西这句回答被中文媒体广泛引用,但是,文刀君惊奇地发现,“incidental”一词被一众中文媒体误译为“偶然的(by chance)”:中方对她的制裁只是偶然的,无关紧要。
这大概又是“(a) word--(一个)中文词”这种“填坑式”词语习得惯性在作祟。
“incidental”有“偶然”之意,但“偶然”绝非“incidental”的唯一,而佩洛西笑答记者这个语境下,“incidental”更谈不上什么偶然还是必然。
还是来看英英词典对“incidental”的释义,为了方便对照理解,多引几部词典释义:
If one thing is incidental to another, it is less important than the other thing or is not a major part of it. (《柯林斯高阶词典》)
happening in connection with sth else, but not as important as it, or not intended: (《牛津高阶词典》)
1 a : being likely to ensue as a chance or minor consequence (Merriam Webster)
《柯林斯高阶词典》还给了一句例句:
At the bottom of the bill, you will notice various incidental expensessuch as faxes.
此句中的“incidental expenses(杂费)”显然是相较于账单(bill)中的大头支出而言。实践中,翻译“(其他)零用”“其他杂项开支”都曾用“incidental”一词来译。
从《牛津高阶词典》与Merriam Webster的释义可以看出,“偶然(not intended/as a chance)”只是“incidental”的一个维度,而“less important”“of minor consequence”则是另一个非常重要的维度。
佩洛西笑答记者,是在表达对中方制裁的不屑,“incidental”指的是“sanctions are of minor consequence to her”“sanctions are an unimportant by-product of her Taiwan visit”,与后半句“of no relevance”其实是相呼应的。
不妨也看看词典对relevance的释义:
Something"s relevance to a situation or person is its importance or significance in that situation or to that person. (《柯林斯高阶词典》)
编译国际新闻,正确理解英文是关键。根据语境正确理解“incidental”的含义,不能想当然地拿“偶然”一词去对应。
从实践来看,尽早摆脱“萝卜填坑”式词语习得方法是正确理解英文的关键。反过来,对词语掌握过于片面,也严重影响中国话语外译能力。不可儿戏。